Ejemplo:
Si se reduce la presión de 20 a 10 bar, se genera una cantidad de vapor de expansión del 6.86 %.
Tabla de vapor de agua
Características físicas del agua y el vapor según IAPWS IF-97
|
Entalpía |
Densidad |
||||||
|
Presión |
Presión |
Temperatura |
Agua |
Vapor |
Evaporación |
Agua |
Vapor |
|
p |
p |
t |
h' |
h'' |
r |
ρ' |
ρ'' |
|
– 0.9 |
0.1 |
45.8 |
191.8 |
2,583.9 |
2,392.1 |
989.8 |
0.0682 |
|
– 0.8 |
0.2 |
60.1 |
251.4 |
2,608.9 |
2,357.5 |
983.1 |
0.1308 |
|
– 0.7 |
0.3 |
69.1 |
289.2 |
2,624.6 |
2,335.3 |
978.3 |
0.1913 |
|
– 0.6 |
0.4 |
75.9 |
317.6 |
2,636.1 |
2,318.5 |
974.3 |
0.2504 |
|
– 0.5 |
0.5 |
81.3 |
340.5 |
2,645.2 |
2,304.7 |
971.0 |
0.3086 |
|
– 0.4 |
0.6 |
85.9 |
359.8 |
2,652.9 |
2,293.0 |
968.0 |
0.3661 |
|
– 0.3 |
0.7 |
89.9 |
376.7 |
2,659.4 |
2,282.7 |
965.4 |
0.4229 |
|
– 0.2 |
0.8 |
93.5 |
391.6 |
2,665.2 |
2,273.5 |
962.9 |
0.4791 |
|
– 0.1 |
0.9 |
96.7 |
405.1 |
2,670.3 |
2,265.2 |
960.7 |
0.5349 |
|
0.0 |
1.0 |
99.6 |
417.4 |
2,674.9 |
2,257.5 |
958.6 |
0.5903 |
|
0.1 |
1.1 |
102.3 |
428.8 |
2,679.2 |
2,250.4 |
956.7 |
0.6453 |
|
0.2 |
1.2 |
104.8 |
439.3 |
2,683.1 |
2,243.8 |
954.9 |
0.7001 |
|
0.3 |
1.3 |
107.1 |
449.1 |
2,686.6 |
2,237.5 |
953.1 |
0.7545 |
|
0.4 |
1.4 |
109.3 |
458.4 |
2,690.0 |
2,231.6 |
951.5 |
0.8086 |
|
0.5 |
1.5 |
111.4 |
467.1 |
2,693.1 |
2,226.0 |
949.9 |
0.8625 |
|
0.6 |
1.6 |
113.3 |
475.3 |
2,696.0 |
2,220.7 |
948.4 |
0.9162 |
|
0.7 |
1.7 |
115.1 |
483.2 |
2,698.8 |
2,215.6 |
947.0 |
0.9697 |
|
0.8 |
1.8 |
116.9 |
490.7 |
2,701.4 |
2,210.7 |
945.6 |
1.0230 |
|
0.9 |
1.9 |
118.6 |
497.8 |
2,703.9 |
2,206.1 |
944.2 |
1.0761 |
|
1.0 |
2.0 |
120.2 |
504.7 |
2,706.2 |
2,201.6 |
942.9 |
1.1290 |
|
1.5 |
2.5 |
127.4 |
535.4 |
2,716.5 |
2,181.2 |
937.0 |
1.3914 |
|
2.0 |
3.0 |
133.5 |
561.5 |
2,724.9 |
2,163.4 |
931.8 |
1.6507 |
|
2.5 |
3.5 |
138.9 |
584.3 |
2,732.0 |
2,147.7 |
927.1 |
1.9077 |
|
3.0 |
4.0 |
143.6 |
604.7 |
2,738.1 |
2,133.3 |
922.9 |
2.1627 |
|
3.5 |
4.5 |
147.9 |
623.2 |
2,743.4 |
2,120.2 |
919.0 |
2.4160 |
|
4.0 |
5.0 |
151.8 |
640.2 |
2,748.1 |
2,107.9 |
915.3 |
2.6681 |
|
4.5 |
5.5 |
155.5 |
655.9 |
2,752.3 |
2,096.5 |
911.8 |
2.9189 |
|
5.0 |
6.0 |
158.8 |
670.5 |
2,756.1 |
2,085.6 |
908.6 |
3.1688 |
|
6.0 |
7.0 |
165.0 |
697.1 |
2,762.7 |
2,065.6 |
902.6 |
3.6662 |
|
7.0 |
8.0 |
170.4 |
721.0 |
2,768.3 |
2,047.3 |
897.0 |
4.1610 |
|
8.0 |
9.0 |
175.4 |
742.7 |
2,773.0 |
2,030.3 |
891.9 |
4.6539 |
|
9.0 |
10.0 |
179.9 |
762.7 |
2,777.1 |
2,014.4 |
887.1 |
5,1454 |
|
10.0 |
11.0 |
184.1 |
781.2 |
2,780.7 |
1,999.5 |
882.6 |
5.6358 |
|
11.0 |
12.0 |
188.0 |
798.5 |
2,783.8 |
1,985.3 |
878.3 |
6.1256 |
|
12.0 |
13.0 |
191.6 |
814.8 |
2,786.5 |
1,971.7 |
874.3 |
6.6149 |
|
13.0 |
14.0 |
195.0 |
830.1 |
2,788.9 |
1,958.8 |
870.4 |
7.1039 |
|
14.0 |
15.0 |
198.3 |
844.7 |
2,791.0 |
1,946.3 |
866.6 |
7.5929 |
|
15.0 |
16.0 |
201.4 |
858.6 |
2,792.9 |
1,934.3 |
863.1 |
8.0820 |
|
16.0 |
17.0 |
204.3 |
871.9 |
2,794.5 |
1,922.6 |
859.6 |
8.5713 |
|
17.0 |
18.0 |
207.1 |
884.6 |
2,796.0 |
1,911.4 |
856.2 |
9.0611 |
|
18.0 |
19.0 |
209.8 |
896.8 |
2,797.3 |
1,900.4 |
853.0 |
9.5513 |
|
19,0 |
20,0 |
212,4 |
908,6 |
2,798,4 |
1,889,8 |
849,8 |
10,0421 |
|
20,0 |
21,0 |
214,9 |
920,0 |
2,799,4 |
1,879,4 |
846,7 |
10,5336 |
|
21,0 |
22,0 |
217,3 |
931,0 |
2,800,2 |
1,869,2 |
843,7 |
11,0259 |
|
22,0 |
23,0 |
219,6 |
941,6 |
2,800,9 |
1,859,3 |
840,8 |
11,5191 |
|
23,0 |
24,0 |
221,8 |
952,0 |
2,801,5 |
1,849,6 |
837,9 |
12,0132 |
|
24.0 |
25.0 |
224.0 |
962.0 |
2,802.0 |
1,840.1 |
835.1 |
12.5082 |
|
25.0 |
26.0 |
226.1 |
971.7 |
2,802.5 |
1,830.7 |
832.4 |
13.0044 |
|
26.0 |
27.0 |
228.1 |
981.2 |
2,802.8 |
1,821.5 |
829.7 |
13.5016 |
|
27.0 |
28.0 |
230.1 |
990.5 |
2,803.0 |
1,812.5 |
827.0 |
14.0000 |
|
28.0 |
29.0 |
232.0 |
999.5 |
2,803.2 |
1,803.6 |
824.4 |
14.4997 |
|
29.0 |
30.0 |
233.9 |
1,008.4 |
2,803.3 |
1,794.9 |
821.9 |
15.0006 |
|
30.0 |
31.0 |
235.7 |
1,017.0 |
2,803.3 |
1,786.3 |
819.4 |
15.5028 |
|
31.0 |
32.0 |
237.5 |
1,025.5 |
2,803.2 |
1,777.8 |
816.9 |
16.0064 |
|
32.0 |
33.0 |
239.2 |
1,033.7 |
2,803.1 |
1,769.4 |
814.5 |
16.5115 |
|
33.0 |
34.0 |
240.9 |
1,041.8 |
2,803.0 |
1,761.1 |
812.1 |
17.0180 |
|
34.0 |
35.0 |
242.6 |
1,049.8 |
2,802.7 |
1,753.0 |
809.7 |
17.5260 |
1) Fuente: (2008). Formulación industrial IAPWS 1997 para las propiedades termodinámicas del agua y del vapor. En: Tablas Internacionales del Vapor. Springer, Berlín, Heidelberg
|
Viscosidad dinámica |
Conductividad térmica |
||||
|
Presión |
Punto de |
Agua |
Vapor |
Agua |
Vapor |
|
p |
t |
ƞ' |
ƞ'' |
λ' |
λ'' |
|
– 0.9 |
45.8 |
587.5 |
10.49 |
0.6357 |
0.0199 |
|
– 0.8 |
60.1 |
465.9 |
10.94 |
0.6508 |
0.0211 |
|
– 0.7 |
69.1 |
408.9 |
11.23 |
0.6588 |
0.0219 |
|
– 0.6 |
75.9 |
373.5 |
11.45 |
0.6641 |
0.0225 |
|
– 0.5 |
81.3 |
348.6 |
11.64 |
0.6678 |
0.0230 |
|
– 0.4 |
85.9 |
329.7 |
11.79 |
0.6707 |
0.0234 |
|
– 0.3 |
89.9 |
314.7 |
11.93 |
0.6730 |
0.0238 |
|
– 0.2 |
93.5 |
302.3 |
12.05 |
0.6748 |
0.0241 |
|
– 0.1 |
96.7 |
291.9 |
12.16 |
0.6763 |
0.0245 |
|
0.0 |
99.6 |
282.9 |
12.26 |
0.6776 |
0.0248 |
|
0.1 |
102.3 |
275.1 |
12.35 |
0.6787 |
0.0250 |
|
0.2 |
104.8 |
268.2 |
12.43 |
0.6796 |
0.0253 |
|
0.3 |
107.1 |
262.0 |
12.51 |
0.6804 |
0.0255 |
|
0.4 |
109.3 |
256.4 |
12.59 |
0.6811 |
0.0258 |
|
0.5 |
111.4 |
251.4 |
12.66 |
0.6817 |
0.0260 |
|
0.6 |
113.3 |
246.8 |
12.73 |
0.6822 |
0.0262 |
|
0.7 |
115.1 |
242.5 |
12.79 |
0.6826 |
0.0264 |
|
0.8 |
116.9 |
238.6 |
12.85 |
0.6830 |
0.0266 |
|
0.9 |
118.6 |
235.0 |
12.91 |
0.6834 |
0.0268 |
|
1.0 |
120.2 |
231.6 |
12.96 |
0.6836 |
0.0270 |
|
1.5 |
127.4 |
217.5 |
13.21 |
0.6846 |
0.0278 |
|
2.0 |
133.5 |
206.8 |
13.42 |
0.6849 |
0.0286 |
|
2.5 |
138.9 |
198.3 |
13.61 |
0.6849 |
0.0293 |
|
3.0 |
143.6 |
191.2 |
13.77 |
0.6846 |
0.0299 |
|
3.5 |
147.9 |
185.2 |
13.92 |
0.6842 |
0.0305 |
|
4.0 |
151.8 |
180.1 |
14.05 |
0.6836 |
0.0310 |
|
4.5 |
155.5 |
175.5 |
14.18 |
0.6829 |
0.0316 |
|
5.0 |
158.8 |
171.6 |
14.30 |
0.6821 |
0.0320 |
|
6.0 |
165.0 |
164.7 |
14.51 |
0.6804 |
0.0330 |
|
7.0 |
170.4 |
159.1 |
14.70 |
0.6786 |
0.0338 |
|
8.0 |
175.4 |
154.3 |
14.87 |
0.6766 |
0.0346 |
|
9.0 |
179.9 |
150.2 |
15.02 |
0.6747 |
0.0354 |
|
10.0 |
184.1 |
146.6 |
15.17 |
0.6726 |
0.0361 |
|
11.0 |
188.0 |
143.4 |
15.30 |
0.6706 |
0.0368 |
|
12.0 |
191.6 |
140.5 |
15.43 |
0.6686 |
0.0375 |
|
13.0 |
195.0 |
137.9 |
15.54 |
0.6665 |
0.0381 |
|
14.0 |
198.3 |
135.5 |
15.66 |
0.6645 |
0.0388 |
|
15.0 |
201.4 |
133.3 |
15.76 |
0.6625 |
0.0394 |
|
16.0 |
204.3 |
131.3 |
15.86 |
0.6604 |
0.0400 |
|
17.0 |
207.1 |
129.5 |
15.96 |
0.6584 |
0.0405 |
|
18.0 |
209.8 |
127.7 |
16.05 |
0.6564 |
0.0411 |
|
19.0 |
212.4 |
126.1 |
16.14 |
0.6544 |
0.0416 |
|
20.0 |
214.9 |
124.6 |
16.23 |
0.6525 |
0.0422 |
|
21.0 |
217.3 |
123.1 |
16.31 |
0.6505 |
0.0427 |
|
22.0 |
219.6 |
121.8 |
16.40 |
0.6486 |
0.0432 |
|
23.0 |
221.8 |
120.5 |
16.47 |
0.6466 |
0.0438 |
|
24.0 |
224.0 |
119.3 |
16.55 |
0.6447 |
0.0443 |
|
25.0 |
226.1 |
118.1 |
16.62 |
0.6428 |
0.0448 |
|
26.0 |
228.1 |
117.0 |
16.70 |
0.6409 |
0.0453 |
|
27.0 |
230.1 |
115.9 |
16.77 |
0.6390 |
0.0457 |
|
28.0 |
232.0 |
114.9 |
16.84 |
0.6372 |
0.0462 |
|
29.0 |
233.9 |
114.0 |
16.90 |
0.6353 |
0.0467 |
|
30.0 |
235.7 |
113.0 |
16.97 |
0.6335 |
0.0472 |
|
31.0 |
237.5 |
112.1 |
17.03 |
0.6316 |
0.0476 |
|
32.0 |
239.2 |
111.3 |
17.10 |
0.6298 |
0.0481 |
|
33.0 |
240.9 |
110.4 |
17.16 |
0.6280 |
0.0486 |
|
34.0 |
242.6 |
109.6 |
17.22 |
0.6262 |
0.0490 |
Características físicas del agua y el vapor según IAPWS IF-971)
1) Fuente: (2008). Formulación industrial IAPWS 1997 para las propiedades termodinámicas del agua y del vapor. En: Tablas Internacionales del Vapor. Springer, Berlín, Heidelberg
